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Barbara Kruger : ウィキペディア英語版 | Barbara Kruger
Barbara Kruger (born January 26, 1945) is an American conceptual artist. Much of her work consists of black-and-white photographs overlaid with declarative captions—in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Ultra Condensed. The phrases in her works often include pronouns such as "you", "your", "I", "we", and "they", addressing cultural constructions of power, identity, and sexuality. Kruger lives and works in New York and Los Angeles.〔("Barbara Kruger" ) PBS, Retrieved 14 April 2014.〕 ==Early life and career== Kruger was born into a lower-middle-class family〔(), Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Beborah Dash. 1998. ''Jewish Women in America. An Historical Encyclopedia.'' New York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored by The American Jewish Historical Society. ISBN 0-415-91934-7.'' (from page 764)''〕〔(), Dashkin, Michael. „Barbara Kruger, b. 1945.“ ''Jewish Women’s Archive. Jewish Women a Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia'' () (3. 3. 2013 ).〕〔Hunter Drohojowska-Philp (October 17, 1999), (She Has a Way With Words ) ''Los Angeles Times''.〕 in Newark, New Jersey. Her father worked as a chemical technician, her mother as a legal secretary. She graduated from Weequahic High School.〔Witzling , Mara Rose. (''Voicing today's visions:writings by contemporary women artists'' ), p. 265. Universe, 1994. ISBN 0-87663-640-7. Accessed March 5, 2012. "Barbara Kruger B. 1945... "〕 After attending Syracuse University and studying art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel at Parsons School of Design in New York, Kruger obtained a design job at Condé Nast Publications.〔 She initially worked as a designer at ''Mademoiselle'' and later moved on to work part-time as a picture editor at House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications. In her early years as a visual artist, Kruger crocheted, sewed and painted bright-hued and erotically suggestive objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Tucker in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.〔 From 1977 Kruger worked with her own architectural photographs, publishing an artist's book, ''Picture/Readings'', in 1979.〔(Barbara Kruger, ''Untitled (When I hear the word culture I take out my checkbook)'' (1985) ) Christie's Evening Sale of Works from the Peter Norton Collection, 8 November 2011, New York.〕
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